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Onward, Christian Soldiers
"Onward, Christian Soldiers" is a 19th-century English hymn. The words were written by Sabine Baring-Gould in 1865, and the music was composed by Arthur Sullivan in 1871. Sullivan named the tune "St. Gertrude," after the wife of his friend Ernest Clay Ker Seymer, at whose country home he composed the tune.〔Sullivan, Marc. ("Discography of Sir Arthur Sullivan: Recordings of Hymns and Songs" ). 11 July 2010, accessed 9 September 2011〕〔("Conjubilant With Song: Sir Arthur Sullivan" ), 13 May 2008〕 The Salvation Army adopted the hymn as its favoured processional.〔Branston, John. ("Christian Soldiers: The Salvation Army brings humility and $48 million to the fairgrounds discussion", ) ''Memphis Flyer'', 18 November 2005〕 The piece became Sullivan's most popular hymn.〔 The hymn's theme is taken from references in the New Testament to the Christian being a soldier for Christ, for example II Timothy 2:3 (KJV): "Thou therefore endure hardness, as a good soldier of Jesus Christ."
==Early history==
The lyric was written as a processional hymn for children walking from Horbury Bridge, where Baring-Gould was curate, to Horbury St Peter's Church near Wakefield, Yorkshire, at Whitsuntide in 1865. It was originally entitled, "Hymn for Procession with Cross and Banners."〔Ian Bradley, ''The Book of Hymns'', New York: Testament Books, 1989, p. 333〕 According to the Centre for Church Music, Baring-Gould reportedly wrote "Onward, Christian Soldiers" in about 15 minutes, later apologising, "It was written in great haste, and I am afraid that some of the lines are faulty."〔("Onward, Christian Soldiers" ), Songsandhymns.org〕 He later allowed hymn-book compilers to alter the lyrics. For example, The Fellowship Hymn Book, with his permission, changed the phrase "one in hope and doctrine" to "one in hope and purpose." For the 1909 edition of Hymns Ancient and Modern, he changed the fifth line of the same verse from "We are not divided" to "Though divisions harass." However, Baring-Gould’s original words are used in most modern hymnals.
Baring-Gould originally set the lyrics to a melody from the slow movement of Joseph Haydn’s ''Symphony in D'', No. 15. This was printed in 1871 in an English church periodical, the ''Church Times''. The hymn did not receive wide acceptance, however, until Sullivan wrote the tune "St. Gertrude" for it. Sullivan re-used the tune in his ''Boer War Te Deum'', first performed in 1902, after his death. Another hymn sung to the St. Gertrude tune is "Forward Through the Ages", written by Frederick Lucian Hosmer (1840–1929) in 1908.〔("Forward Through the Ages" lyrics and MIDI )〕
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